How do learning factors influence personality

Or could he be crying because he just heard some upsetting news? Chances are, the latter option is a more realistic one. While the news may have changed his personality during that social setting on that day, it most likely did not alter it permanently. The coworker you disagree with most, Kayla, who constantly argues against your ideas, comes into work Monday morning with a pep in her step. At your team meeting, she completely supports your proposed project idea and offers to help execute it.

Has Kayla turned a corner and has decided to end the feud between you two? But odds are there is something in her life that has temporarily altered her personality. What you may not know, is that over the weekend her all time favorite team won the Super Bowl. Her excitement from the day before spilled over into Monday, presenting a much version of Kayla that seems to like you a great deal more.

It is the stage that we seek out a satisfying relationship and start a family. If someone is not successful in this quest, he or she may turn to isolation. This is the stage that people often feel they have a "mid-life crisis. This is the stage in which people often size up all they have done thus far and measure to see if they feel they have accomplished enough. The basic strength in this stage is wisdom, and the ego outcome is integrity versus despair. At this stage, if people look back upon their lives and experiences and are pleased, they feel integrity, while those who are not feel despair.

As you can see, there are many stages that are believed to go into personality development. You may even be able to identify some of your own experiences in these stages. When it comes to determining what needs are, it is important to distinguish them from wants. Needs are those things that are necessities to someone, while wants are those things that people can do without, but they just have a strong desire to have.

Examples of needs include basic food, water, shelter, health care, basic clothing, breathing, etc. They are the essential things in life that we need in order to survive. Examples of wants include those things that you feel will improve the quality of your life, but you can survive without having. These things include dining out, Internet, computers, movies, vacations, fashion clothing, makeup, cable television, new cars, etc.

See the difference between needs and wants? When it comes to your breakfast tomorrow morning, you need food, and something basic will do. Believe it or not, psychologists believe that needs impact your personality. Consider this for a moment: If you lacked shelter, do you think it would impact your personality and the way you act?

It absolutely would! You may suffer from low self-esteem, among other things. If all your basic needs are being met, you will feel more comfortable in life, which will make you feel more secure and confident, and your personality will reflect this. To help put this all together we need to take a look at Abraham Maslow's famous Hierarchy of Needs.

Maslow was a psychologist who in proposed his idea of the hierarchy of needs and how it affects who we are. The Hierarchy of Needs is in a triangle shape, with the most important things being at the bottom and then it works its way up, with needs narrowing as you go along. Here are the layers of the hierarchy:. Physiological: These are the most important needs that must be met. They include food, water, breathing, excretion, sleep, sex, etc. Safety: Once your basic needs have been met, the next most important thing is safety.

In this layer, you will need security, employment, family, property, health, morality, etc. Love and belonging: This layer in the hierarchy is smaller but still important.

It includes the love and social relationships we have with people, including friends, family, and lovers. Esteem: This is the layer that deals with your confidence. What matters here is that people respect you, your self-esteem is high, you respect other people, experience personal growth and accomplishment, etc.

Self-actualization: This is the need at the top of the triangle. It represents the idea that people are self-aware. The idea is that people focus on fulfilling their own potential and no longer worry so much about what others think. At this point, people are concerned with their own personal growth. Maslow believed, much like the stages of development that we have already studied, that people gradually moved through these stages.

Starting at the bottom, when each need is met in that level, we go on to the next. However, if something were to threaten our needs, such as not having food or safety, etc.

If our needs are not being met, it can have a profound impact on our personality development. If all of our needs are being met, we will progress and continue to grow. Essentially, Maslow believed that we do not advance to the next level until the needs of each have first been met.

For example, if someone is at the safety level, they cannot advance to love and belonging until all of their safety needs have been met. Now you have an idea of the difference between needs and wants, why needs are so important, and how it all affects our personality development. Research into these five philosophical questions has branched into several different approaches to studying personality. The major theories include the psychodynamic, neo-Freudian, learning or behaviorist , humanistic, biological, trait or dispositional , and cultural perspectives.

Sigmund Freud : Sigmund Freud advanced a psychodynamic view of human personality that implicated the id, ego, and superego as the main determinants of individual differences in personality.

With any of these theories, it is important to keep in mind that the culture in which we live is one of the most important environmental factors that shapes our personalities. Western ideas about personality are not necessarily applicable to other cultures, and there is evidence that the strength of personality traits varies across cultures.

The biological perspective on personality emphasizes the influence of the brain and genetic factors on personality. The biological perspective on personality emphasizes the internal physiological and genetic factors that influence personality.

It focuses on why or how personality traits manifest through biology and investigates the links between personality, DNA, and processes in the brain. This research can include the investigation of anatomical, chemical, or genetic influences and is primarily accomplished through correlating personality traits with scientific data from experimental methods such as brain imaging and molecular genetics.

For example, Thomas and Chess found that babies could be categorized into one of three temperaments: easy, difficult, or slow to warm up. For example, one person may immediately respond to a new stimulus with a high level of anxiety while another barely notices it. The field of behavioral genetics focuses on the relationship between genes and behavior and has given psychologists a glimpse of the link between genetics and personality.

A large part of the evidence collected linking genetics and the environment to personality comes from twin studies, which compare levels of similarity in personality between genetically identical twins. Genetics : The expression of inherited genes plays a role in determining personality. In the field of behavioral genetics, the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart—a well-known study of the genetic basis for personality—conducted research with twins from to These findings suggest the heritability of some personality traits, implying that some aspects of our personalities are largely controlled by genetics.

Multiple twin studies have found that identical twins do have higher correlations in personality traits than fraternal twins. While identical twins may have some similar personality traits, however, they still have distinct personalities, suggesting that genetics are not the only factor in determining personality. One study measuring genetic influence on twins in five different countries found that correlations for traits between identical twins were 0.

Many personality studies today investigate the activation and expression of genes and how they relate to personality. How DNA interacts with the environment determines what part of the DNA code is actually activated within an individual—in other words, which genes will be expressed. The biological approach to personality has also identified areas and pathways within the brain that are associated with the development of personality.

A number of theorists, such as Hans Eysenck, Gordon Allport, and Raymond Cattell, believe that personality traits can be traced back to brain structures and neural mechanisms, such as dopamine and seratonin pathways.

Researchers using a biological perspective will seek to understand how hormones, neurotransmitters, and different areas of the brain all interact to affect personality. One of the first documented cases that demonstrated the link between personality and the brain was that of Phineas Gage. A good personality enables one to establish self control and self direction to discover the reality off freedom of choice.

A person with a positive attitude can direct his thoughts, control his emotions and regulate his attitude. In order to have a good personality, self development is needed. Self is something of which he is aware of.

The self concept which an executive brings to his job is the amalgamation of many things, his perception towards his parents, the rules he has learnt, the impressions he carries about his peers, the record of success and failure, and the idea of what rewards he deserves.

The self development process transforms from dependence to self direction, from impulsiveness to self discipline, from ignorance to knowledge, from incompetence to competence from immorality to morality and from self centered to concern for self and others.

Developing and bearing a sound personality is a changing process. The personally can be broadly classified into two groups — sick personality and healthy personality. The sick personality is also known as disturbed or peculiar personality. These factors may or may not be in the control of the person.