What is the difference between plastids and plant cells

Like mitochondria , plastids have their own DNA and ribosomes. Hence, they may be used in phylogenetic studies. Human Neurology deals essentially with the nervous system of humans. It also features the various theories put forward b.. Molecules move within the cell or from one cell to another through different strategies. Transport may be in the form of.. This tutorial looks at the relationship between organisms.

It also explores how energy is passed on in the food chain an.. They exhibit many different cell types. We will discuss some of these but let's begin by reviewing the features of a typical plant cell. Plant cells are similar to those of other eukaryotic organisms. They possess a cell membrane plasma membrane , nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, mitochondria, and cytoskeleton that function more or less as their counterparts do in animal or fungal cells.

The distinguishing feature of plant cells is that many of them possess plastids, a large central vacuole, and a cell wall. We will focus on these three special features in our review of plant cells. Figure 1. The plastids in this cell are chloroplasts, the green, photosynthetic plastids common in cells of the plant shoot the above-ground part of the plant. All plant cells have plastids but not all types of plastids are green.

The features that all plastids do share include the following:. In other words, the membrane lipids of plastids have a sugar as the polar head group rather than a phosphate see Figure 1.

The most striking case is the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts see Figure 1. This chromosome is similar to those of eubacteria in that it is circular, not associated with histone proteins histones of nuclear chromosomes are shown in Figure 1. Plastids also contain 70s ribosomes that translate the mRNA produced from these genes.

Mitochondria also have their own chromosome and ribosomes, similar to plastids, except that the mitochondrial genome contains only about 13 genes. There are many kinds of plastids in the different cell types of the plant body. The most common and important include the following:. Proplastids are small, colorless, and have little internal membrane structure. They develop into different plastid types as their host cell matures. The type of plastid they develop into depends on where they are in the plant body and other factors.

They are proplastids that have begun to develop into chloroplasts but are arrested at an early stage by lack of a light signal from the environment. Etioplasts are pale yellow-green because they contain a precursor of chlorophyll called protochlorophyllide. They have an internal membrane structure that looks like packed tubes in cross section see figure 1.

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