What is the difference between dmso and dmso2

Methylsulfonylmethane msm has enjoyed a recent surge in interest as an arthritis remedy. Similar anecdotes can be found on some of the more than Web sites devoted to MSM, but most of these sites simply offer home delivery of MSM tablets or lotions. Vendors market MSM for a variety of conditions, including RA, osteoarthritis OA , fibromyalgia, gout, constipation, allergies, dyspepsia, parasitic infections, cancer prevention, and snoring.

However, clinical data of any sort regarding its appropriate indications or use are distinctly lacking. MSM is an odorless, white, crystalline, water-soluble powder that is the irreversible oxidation product of dimethylsulfoxide DMSO.

DMSO has had its own checkered history as an arthritis treatment. First synthesized in the mids, it became widely available by as an industrial solvent. Used as a veterinary liniment into the s, DMSO was adopted by up to , humans for various arthritides. After being linked to ocular toxicity in experimental animals, the FDA halted human use, and only permitted gradual resumption of clinical trials after the ocular complaints were not found in humans.

However, there are no peer-reviewed articles to substantiate this claim. Jacob serves as medical director for a company that produces and sells MSM. DMSO is now found in paint thinners and antifreeze. It is available in health food stores and other retail outlets as a topical preparation for arthritis.

However, these commercial products may contain impurities since they are industrial grade, rather than formulated for human use. A pharmaceutical-grade liquid is available by prescription. A topical preparation combining DMSO and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, diclofenac, currently is under consideration by the FDA.

However, anecdotal reports of adverse reactions by arthritis patients using industrial-grade DMSO have contributed to a decline in its use. Most use remains topical, but it has been given orally and intravenously as well.

While DMSO remains in use, MSM has been marketed as an oral alternative, despite the lack of laboratory or clinical trials comparing the two. Laboratory studies in the s showed that DMSO was detectable in the blood within five minutes of topical application and persisted at a plateau level for hours. Results in adjuvant arthritis models have been contradictory, but where they have been positive, topical use was more effective than oral administration for treating inflammation.

More recent reports suggest, however, that a clinically meaningful anti-inflammatory effect is unlikely. Chondrocyte viability was not affected. The authors cautioned that cartilage matrix metabolism may be affected adversely by direct exposure to DMSO when DMSO is added to intraarticular lavage solutions. MSM may act as a sulfur donor in amino acid metabolism, based on a study demonstrating incorporation of radiolabeled sulfur into methionine and cysteine in guinea pigs after oral administration of 35S-MSM radiolabeled sulfur MSM.

No peer-reviewed data exist to support claims that MSM protects or repairs cartilage or alters the progression of cartilage damage related to arthritis. Little laboratory evidence supports claims of anti-inflammatory or immunological mechanisms of action. Numerous clinical trials in the s examined DMSO for the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions. A synthesis of reports from 76 clinical trials involving approximately 1, patients was published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

The length of treatment was generally days to weeks. These results were reported for "acute" and "chronic" patients as a group. Of the 1, patients evaluated, experienced side effects. All but 74 of these patients reported cutaneous complaints—burning, erythema, "roughness," pruritis, blistering, "dermatitis," desquamation, and edema.

However, only 69 of the affected patients discontinued therapy because of these side effects. Additional reported side effects included shooting pain at the application site, localized urticaria, dizziness, trembling, headache, increased urinary frequency, and acne. The difficulties with interpreting these data are substantial. The clinical categories are vague e.

Patients within diagnostic categories are surely heterogeneous as a result. Furthermore, data are presented primarily for "acute" and "chronic" patients without any definition as to what that might mean. No entry criteria were specified. The outcome measures are completely subjective and not standardized, nor are they reproducible since they are undefined.

There was no active or placebo control. Adverse reactions may have been underreported since "reports of side effects were not ordinarily elicited. Immediate results were reported to be "amazing" in bursitis. In this study, only 6. Interpretation of these data is constrained by the same considerations as noted above. Early anecdotes suggested that DMSO might be helpful for the treatment of scleroderma.

However, a subsequent double-blind, prospective, controlled study by the Cooperating Clinics of the Cooperative Systematic Studies of Rheumatic Diseases Program of the American Rheumatism Association could not demonstrate efficacy.

In this report, MSM was given at a dose of 2, mg in divided doses vs. The expected results of topical application of DMSO include a skin reaction of erythema and warmth.

This reaction may be severe. One of the most notable side effects of DMSO is the fact that even topical use can cause a foul taste in the mouth and a body odor reminiscent of garlic or oysters. This undoubtedly contributed to waning in its popularity, though it remains available in retail outlets and continues to be used. Because it has the ability to transport other substances transdermally, caution should be exercised with the use of DMSO and concomitant topical preparations.

One case report documents the development of peripheral neuropathy in a patient who used DMSO in combination with sulindac.

It does not, however, share the disagreeable skin irritant or odor-causing properties of DMSO. Given that sulfur moieties may be highly reactive, appropriate caution is advised. DMSO is available in pharmaceutical grade by prescription. For interstitial cystitis, it is instilled in the bladder for 15 minutes and treatment may be repeated in two weeks.

Prescription DMSO is modified for use by practitioners for mostly topical but occasionally oral or intravenous administration depending on the condition to be treated. DMSO is sold in industrial grade in retail stores and on the Internet as a liquid or gel. All use of this grade is topical. The recovery rate and repeatability from plasma were also good. Tmax for DMSO 2 was After HD, these values decreased to Because the effective drug concentration of DMSO has not been established, the dose level for HD patients must be investigated from the standpoint of therapeutic drug monitoring.

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